Data and Code for: Internal Versus Institutional Barriers to Gender Equality: Evidence From British Politics

Principal Investigator(s):  View help for Principal Investigator(s) Noor Kumar, Princeton University; Uyseok Lee, University of British Columbia; Matt Lowe, University of British Columbia; Olaitan Ogunnote, University of British Columbia

Version:  View help for Version V1

Name File Type Size Last Modified
  Code 06/24/2026 02:49:PM
  Data 06/24/2026 02:49:PM
  Output 06/24/2026 02:48:PM
LICENSE.txt text/plain 3.3 KB 06/24/2026 10:48:AM
README_PMQs.pdf application/pdf 437.3 KB 06/24/2026 10:48:AM

Project Citation: 

Kumar, Noor, Lee, Uyseok, Lowe, Matt, and Ogunnote, Olaitan. Data and Code for: Internal Versus Institutional Barriers to Gender Equality: Evidence From British Politics. Nashville, TN: American Economic Association [publisher], 2026. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2026-07-07. https://doi.org/10.3886/E241530V1

Project Description

Summary:  View help for Summary Abstract: Weekly lotteries determine which politicians ask the UK Prime Minister a question in front of a male-dominated, noisy chamber. Lottery winners receive 4% higher vote margin in the next election, but women are 12% less likely to submit questions than same-cohort men. The gender gap does not close with lottery-induced experience asking a question, but it closes after a format change, with questions asked to a smaller, quieter audience. The switch differentially draws in women with quieter voices. Our findings support institutional change, rather than experience, as a response to gender gaps in adversarial settings like the UK Parliament.

Scope of Project

Subject Terms:  View help for Subject Terms gender; politics; public speaking; parliamentary elections
JEL Classification:  View help for JEL Classification
      D70 Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General
      D72 Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
      J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
Geographic Coverage:  View help for Geographic Coverage United Kingdom
Time Period(s):  View help for Time Period(s) 1990 – 2025
Universe:  View help for Universe Members of UK Parliament, 1990 to 2025.


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V1 [2026-07-07]

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