Data and Code for: Direct and indirect effects of vaccines: Evidence from COVID-19

Principal Investigator(s):  View help for Principal Investigator(s) Seth Freedman, Indiana University; Daniel Sacks, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Kosali Simon, Indiana University; Coady Wing, Indiana Universtiy

Version:  View help for Version V1

Name File Type Size Last Modified
  code 04/16/2025 01:04:PM
  data_final 04/16/2025 01:04:PM
  data_temp 04/16/2025 01:04:PM
  figures 04/16/2025 01:04:PM
  raw 04/16/2025 01:05:PM
  rd_schools 04/16/2025 01:04:PM
  tables 04/16/2025 01:04:PM
  unencrypted_address 04/16/2025 01:04:PM
Codebook.pdf application/pdf 170.4 KB 04/16/2025 09:04:AM
README.pdf application/pdf 80.3 KB 04/16/2025 09:11:AM

Project Citation: 

Freedman, Seth, Sacks, Daniel, Simon, Kosali, and Wing, Coady. Data and Code for: Direct and indirect effects of vaccines: Evidence from COVID-19. Nashville, TN: American Economic Association [publisher], 2025. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2025-12-05. https://doi.org/10.3886/E208966V1

Project Description

Summary:  View help for Summary We estimate direct and indirect vaccine effectiveness and assess how far the infection-reducing externality extends from the vaccinated, a key input to policy decisions. Our empirical strategy uses nearly-universal microdata from a single state and relies on the six-month delay between 12- and 11 year-old COVID vaccine eligibility.  Vaccination reduces cases by 80 percent, the direct effect. This protection spills over to close contacts, producing a household-level indirect effect about three-fourths as large as the direct effect. However, indirect effects do not extend to schoolmates. Our results highlight vaccine reach as important to consider when designing policy towards infectious disease.

Scope of Project

Subject Terms:  View help for Subject Terms vaccines; spillovers; externalities; covid-19
JEL Classification:  View help for JEL Classification
      D62 Externalities
      I12 Health Behavior
      I18 Health: Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
      I21 Analysis of Education
      J13 Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
Geographic Coverage:  View help for Geographic Coverage Indiana
Time Period(s):  View help for Time Period(s) 2020 – 2021
Collection Date(s):  View help for Collection Date(s) 1/1/2020 – 12/31/2021
Universe:  View help for Universe covid tests, covid vaccination records for the state of Indiana
medical records from providers participating in the Indiana Network for Patient Care
Data Type(s):  View help for Data Type(s) administrative records data

Methodology

Unit(s) of Observation:  View help for Unit(s) of Observation varies

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Published Versions

V1 [2025-12-05]

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DDI 2.5

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