Risk Factors Associated with Diabetic Foot Amputation in Malaysia

Name: Risk Factors Associated with Diabetic Foot Amputation in Malaysia
Published: 2026-06-01
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s) Sanjiv Rampal, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Seremban, Malaysia; Claudia Lopes, International Institute for Global Health United Nations University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Parichehr Hadi, Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Vasantha Kumari Neela, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia

Version: View help for Version V1

Name	File Type	Size	Last Modified
DFI_Malaysia_curated.xlsx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	70.2 KB	06/01/2026 07:42:AM

Project Citation:

Rampal, Sanjiv, Lopes, Claudia, Hadi, Parichehr , and Kumari Neela, Vasantha. Risk Factors Associated with Diabetic Foot Amputation in Malaysia. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2026-06-01. https://doi.org/10.3886/E248958V1

Project Description

Summary: Diabetes mellitus continues to escalate as a major global health crisis, with diabetic foot infection (DFI) remaining one of the most serious and preventable complications. Despite advances in multidisciplinary care, amputation rates remain high, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. This retrospective study identifies key predictors associated with the level of amputation; major (above the knee) versus minor (at or below the knee) among patients with DFI following surgical decision-making. Electronic medical records of 434 patients admitted with DFI to a tertiary care hospital in Central Malaysia between January 2010 and December 2019 were analysed. Minor amputations accounted for 70.7% of cases, while major amputations comprised the remainder. Most patients (63.8%) presented with advanced disease, with Wagner grade 4 being the most prevalent (40.3%). Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to determine independent predictors of amputation level. Increasing age (OR = 1.06, p = .013) and higher Wagner classification (OR = 15.16, p < .001) emerged as significant independent predictors of major amputation. These results highlight the need for timely intervention and aggressive limb-salvage strategies in high-risk groups.

Scope of Project

Subject Terms: diabetes; amputation; diabètes mellitus infections

Geographic Coverage: Malaysia

Time Period(s): 1/1/2010 – 12/31/2019

Collection Date(s): 6/2/2022 – 3/8/2023

Universe: Patients with DFI who had their feet amputated at a tertiary care hospital in Central Malaysia between January 2010 and December 2019

Data Type(s): medical records

Methodology

Sampling: The study included adult patients (≥18 years) with diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized for lower limb amputation due to DFI at Hospital in Kuala Lumpur between January 2010 and December 2019. Both insulin-treated and non–insulin-treated patients were included in the study population. Patients were excluded if they were pregnant, younger than 18 years of age. Patients admitted for other causes of foot infection not related to DFI such as dermatitis or dry gangrene were also excluded.

Data Source: The dataset was extracted from the electronic medical record (EMR) system and included routinely collected clinical information (medical history, medications, laboratory results, and clinician notes) relevant to the study objectives.

Unit(s) of Observation: Patient

Related Publications

Request Information

This material is sensitive in nature and is available as restricted data through ICPSR. Users are required to apply for access, will be required to pay a fee, and will experience a wait time before access is given. The material will be distributed exactly as it arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR does not check or process the material.

Published Versions

V1 [2026-06-01]

Export Metadata

Dublin Core

DDI 2.5

Report a Problem

Found a serious problem with the data, such as disclosure risk or copyrighted content? Let us know.

This material is distributed exactly as received from the data depositor. As of April 2026, depositors are required to submit study materials in accessible formats. ICPSR has not reviewed, checked, or processed this material. For additional information about the study, please contact the investigator(s) directly. If you have questions about the accessibility of materials distributed by ICPSR or require further assistance, please visit ICPSR's Accessibility Center.