People-First, Value-Centered (PFVC) Leadership Behaviors Survey: A Novel Instrument for Assessing Idealized Leadership Practices

Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s) James Leamy, Alvernia University; Caitlin Long, Alvernia University; Nicholas Nicoletti, Alvernia University; Malgorzata Zuber, Alvernia University

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Project Citation:

Leamy, James, Long, Caitlin, Nicoletti, Nicholas, and Zuber, Malgorzata. People-First, Value-Centered (PFVC) Leadership Behaviors Survey: A Novel Instrument for Assessing Idealized Leadership Practices. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2025-04-02. https://doi.org/10.3886/E224741V1

Project Description

Summary: As workforce expectations shift toward purpose, belonging, and meaningful engagement, leadership assessment tools must evolve. This study introduces the People-First, Value-Centered (PFVC) Leadership Behaviors Survey, a new instrument assessing leadership through two key constructs: People-First (empathy, empowerment, relationship-building) and Value-Centered (accountability, role modeling, transparency, vision, stewardship). Grounded in transformational and servant leadership theories, the PFVC survey explores the motivations behind leadership behaviors. A quantitative pilot study with 394 U.S.-based employees validated the survey. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed strong construct validity, with factors explaining over 70% of variance. Reliability was high (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.896 for People-First, 0.860 for Value-Centered). Correlations with Bass & Avolio’s (1995) Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire further validated its effectiveness. The PFVC survey offers a fresh approach to leadership assessment, aligning behaviors with employee expectations. With applications across industries like healthcare and juvenile justice, future research will expand its validation and impact on organizational success.

Funding Sources: Alvernia University

Scope of Project

Subject Terms: ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP; SERVANT LEADERSHIP; TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP; TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP; LEADERSHIP INSTRUMENT

Geographic Coverage: United States

Time Period(s): 5/2004 – 8/2024

Collection Date(s): 5/2004 – 8/2024

Data Type(s): survey data

Methodology

Sampling: 394 Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers based in the United States. The inclusion criteria consisted of individuals who were at least 18 years of age, employed full-time, part-time, retired, or contracted employees.

Data Source: Data for this study were collected by Leamy, J., Long, C., Nicoletti, N., and Zuber, M. using a survey deployed on Qualtrics. Participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) between May 2024 and August 2024. The study aimed to validate a novel instrument, the People-First, Value-Centered (PFVC) Leadership Behaviors Survey, designed to evaluate leadership behaviors through two key constructs: People-First (empathy, empowerment, and relationship-building) and Value-Centered (accountability, role modeling, transparency, visionary leadership, and stewardship).

Collection Mode(s): web-based survey

Scales: Likert Scale
1 = never, 2 = not often, 3 = sometimes, 4 = often, and 5 = always

Unit(s) of Observation: individuals

Geographic Unit: United States

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Published Versions

V1 [2025-04-02]

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