Data and Code for: "The Geographic Flow of Bank Funding and Access to Credit: Branch Networks, Synergies, and Local Competition"

Principal Investigator(s):  View help for Principal Investigator(s) Robert Clark, Queen's University

Version:  View help for Version V1

Name File Type Size Last Modified
  00_ori_Raw 05/11/2025 08:30:PM
  01_bank_county 05/11/2025 08:30:PM
  02_SOD_HMDA_matching_ID 05/11/2025 08:31:PM
  03_SOD_match_with_HMDA 05/11/2025 08:31:PM
  04_Deposit_Flow 05/11/2025 08:31:PM
  05_Securitization 05/11/2025 08:31:PM
  06_HDMA_unmatched_sample 05/11/2025 08:31:PM
  07_Sample_Case 05/11/2025 08:31:PM
  08_combine 05/11/2025 08:31:PM
  09_County_level_information 05/11/2025 08:31:PM

Project Citation: 

Clark, Robert. Data and Code for: “The Geographic Flow of Bank Funding and Access to Credit: Branch Networks, Synergies, and Local Competition.” Nashville, TN: American Economic Association [publisher], 2025. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2025-05-29. https://doi.org/10.3886/E213301V1

Project Description

Summary:  View help for Summary Geographic dispersion of depositors, borrowers, and banks may prevent funding from flowing to high loan demand areas, limiting  credit access. Using bank-county-year level data, we provide evidence of geographic imbalance of deposits and loans and develop a methodology for investigating the contribution to this imbalance of branch networks, market power, and scope economies. Results are based on a novel measure of imbalance and estimation of a structural model of bank competition that admits interconnections across locations and between deposit and loan markets.  Counterfactual experiments show branch networks, scope economies, and local competition affect the credit flow to disadvantaged markets.

Scope of Project

Subject Terms:  View help for Subject Terms Geographic flow of bank funds; Access to credit; Bank oligopoly competition; Branch networks; Economies of scope between deposits and loans
JEL Classification:  View help for JEL Classification
      G21 Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
      L13 Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
      L51 Economics of Regulation
Geographic Coverage:  View help for Geographic Coverage United States
Time Period(s):  View help for Time Period(s) 1998 – 2010
Collection Date(s):  View help for Collection Date(s) 2016 – 2016
Universe:  View help for Universe Depository banks and shadow banks in the United States from 1998 to 2010. 
Data Type(s):  View help for Data Type(s) administrative records data; census/enumeration data

Methodology

Data Source:  View help for Data Source 1. Summary of deposits (SOD) datasets, 1998-2010
2. Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) Data,  1998-2010
3. Reports of Condition and Income (CALL Reports) datasets, 1998-2010 

Unit(s) of Observation:  View help for Unit(s) of Observation A bank-year-county combination
Geographic Unit:  View help for Geographic Unit A county in the United States

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Published Versions

V1 [2025-05-29]

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