Associations between Structured and Unstructured Activities in the Kindergarten on Children's Physical Fitness: A Compositional and Isotemporal Substitution Analysis

Name: Associations between Structured and Unstructured Activities in the Kindergarten on Children's Physical Fitness: A Compositional and Isotemporal Substitution Analysis
Published: 2024-08-28
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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Project Citation:

CHEN, Delong. Associations between Structured and Unstructured Activities in the Kindergarten on Children’s Physical Fitness: A Compositional and Isotemporal Substitution Analysis. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2024-08-28. https://doi.org/10.3886/E208741V1

Project Description

Summary: Objective: To adopt video observation and acceleration sensors to measure structured and unstructured activity behaviors in kindergartens, and to explore their relationship with children's physical fitness and the isotemporal substitution effects on children's physical fitness using compositional data models. Methods: Based on the principles of informed consent and voluntariness, 358 children aged 3-6 years were recruited. Video observation, the ActiGraph GT3X-BT acceleration sensor, and the "Evaluation Criteria for Structured and Unstructured Physical Activity in Children" were used to collect compositional data on nine in-kindergarten activity behaviors, including S-SB (Structured Sedentary Behavior), S-LPA (Structured Light Physical Activity), S-MVPA (Structured Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity), US-SB (Unstructured Sedentary Behavior), US-LPA (Unstructured Light Physical Activity), US-MVPA (Unstructured Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity), and D-SP (Daytime Sleep). Physical fitness indicators of the children were measured, and compositional data and isotemporal substitution analyses were performed using R Studio (Version 4.2). Results: S-MVPA has a positive relationship with children's body shape, physical fitness and total physical fitness score (P<0.05). US-LPA has a positive relationship with children's physical fitness (P<0.05), while S-LPA has a negatively correlated (P<0.05). When S-MVPA replaced S-LPA and S-SB for 10 minutes of equal time, children's body shape, physical fitness, and total physical fitness scores significantly increased, with the total physical fitness score increasing by 2.11 points and 1.29 points, respectively. The effect size increased with the substitution time. Similarly, when US-LPA replaced S-LPA and S-SB for equal time, children's total physical fitness scores also significantly increased. Conclusion: S-MVPA can effectively enhance children's physical fitness, while the relationship between S-LPA and children's physical fitness is opposite to that of US-LPA. Keeping the structured activity time constant, increasing the relative proportion of MVPA and correspondingly reducing the proportion of LPA or SB is an effective strategy to optimize children's physical education programs and improve their physical fitness. On this basis, isotemporally increasing the time for unstructured LPA can further promote children's physical fitness improvement.

Funding Sources: the National Social Science Foundation of China (21BTY088); the 14th Five-Year Plan of Social Science in Jiangxi Province (22TY20D); he Special Project for Postgraduate Students' Innovation in Jiangxi Province (YC2021-S024); the Special Project for Postgraduate Students' Innovation in Jiangxi Province (YC2022-S031)

Scope of Project

Subject Terms: Physical Fitness; preschool children; physical active

Geographic Coverage: china

Collection Date(s): 3/1/2021 – 6/21/2021

Universe: Preschool children aged 3-6 in Jiangxi, China

Data Type(s): experimental data

Methodology

Response Rate: 358 preschool children aged 3-6 were randomly stratified and signed informed consent. among which 1 sample was lost in video observation, 4 samples were invalid in PA test, and 16 samples were missing in physical fitness test. A total of 337 valid samples were obtained, with an effective rate of 94.13% .

Sampling: This study adopted a stratified cluster sampling method and divided the samples into three strata based on the per capita GDP ranking of cities in Jiangxi Province, China, in 2021. One city was randomly selected from each stratum, totaling three cities (Yingtan, Pingxiang, and Ganzhou). Three kindergartens were selected from each city, totaling nine kindergartens.

Data Source: Notice on Physical activity measurement and physical health evaluation of preschool children in Jiangxi Province, 2021

Collection Mode(s): coded video observation; cognitive assessment test; other

Scales: "Assessment Criteria for Structured and Unstructured Physical Activity in Preschool Children"
National Physical Fitness Testing Standards (revised in 2023)" (children's part)

Weights:

Primary index Secondary index weight Body shape (30%) Height (cm) 0.20 BMI (kg/m2) 0.10 Physical fitness (70%) Grip (kg) 0.10 Standing long jump (cm) 0.10 Sit forward bend (cm) 0.10 Double hop (s) 0.15 15-meter steeplechase (s) 0.10 Balance beam (s) 0.15

Unit(s) of Observation: Activity behavior

Geographic Unit: Urban

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