Codes for: Does Biology Drive Child Penalties? Evidence from Biological and Adoptive Families

Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s) Henrik J. Kleven, Princeton University; Camille Landais, London School of Economics; Jakob Egholt Søgaard, University of Copenhagen

Version: View help for Version V1

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Project Description

Summary:

This paper investigates if the impact of children on the labor market outcomes of women relative to men — child penalties — can be explained by the biological links between mother and child. We estimate child penalties in biological and adoptive families using event studies around the arrival of children and almost forty years of adoption data from Denmark. Short-run child penalties are slightly larger for biological mothers than for adoptive mothers, but their long-run child penalties are virtually identical and precisely estimated. This suggests that biology is not a key driver of child-related gender gaps.

Scope of Project

Subject Terms: children; parents; adoptive parents; labor markets; Denmark

JEL Classification:
      D13 Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
      J13 Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
      J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
      J22 Time Allocation and Labor Supply

Geographic Coverage: Denmark

Data Type(s): administrative records data

Methodology

Data Source: Statistics Denmark (DST)

Unit(s) of Observation: Individuals

Related Publications

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Published Versions

V1 [2021-05-24]

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DDI 2.5

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