The relationship of school modality with stress and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Variation across sociodemographic groups

Principal Investigator(s):  View help for Principal Investigator(s) Daniel Silver, USC Center for Applied Research in Education; Daniel Hackman, USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work

Version:  View help for Version V1

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README_analysis_guide.docx application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document 18.3 KB 05/13/2025 01:28:PM

Project Citation: 

Silver, Daniel, and Hackman, Daniel. The relationship of school modality with stress and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Variation across sociodemographic groups. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2025-05-16. https://doi.org/10.3886/E230122V1

Project Description

Summary:  View help for Summary The Covid-19 pandemic and school closures adversely affected adolescents’ mental health and wellbeing, with the weight of evidence indicating worse outcomes for students attending school remotely or in hybrid modality compared to fully in-person. We leverage survey data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Studyâ) collected from 6,245 adolescents (mean age = 13.2) during the 2020-2021 school year to investigate the moderating effects of race/ethnicity, household income, and neighborhood disadvantage on the relationship between 2020-2021 school modality and outcomes including perceived stress, sadness, and positive affect. For relatively-advantaged students, our results corroborate prior findings that students in remote or hybrid schooling report worse mental health outcomes than students who attended fully in-person. However, this pattern between schooling modality and mental health disappears or reverses for relatively-disadvantaged students. Given substantial within-group variation, these findings underscore the importance of considering varied student needs in developing mental health supports.
Funding Sources:  View help for Funding Sources Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health (NICHD R01HD108398)

Scope of Project

Subject Terms:  View help for Subject Terms adolescents; COVID-19; disparities; mental health; school modality; survey research
Geographic Coverage:  View help for Geographic Coverage United States
Time Period(s):  View help for Time Period(s) 2016 – 2021
Collection Date(s):  View help for Collection Date(s) 2016 – 2021
Universe:  View help for Universe US adolescents during Covid-19
Data Type(s):  View help for Data Type(s) survey data

Methodology

Response Rate:  View help for Response Rate varies by survey administration -- see paper
Sampling:  View help for Sampling participants recruited through probability sample of elementary schools within 50 miles of the 21 study sites at the study's outset in 2016-2017.
Data Source:  View help for Data Source Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

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Published Versions

V1 [2025-05-16]

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